TCM pattern · Yin deficiency

Kidney Yin Deficiency

肾阴虚 Shen Yin Xu Kidney system

The Kidney's cooling, moistening reserve has run low. The body dries out and warms up from the inside: dry mouth at night, a sore low back, loose teeth, ringing ears, and a tiredness that sleep does not fix.

Think of a car with low coolant. It still runs, but it runs hot, and the heat shows up at night and in the small places first: the mouth, the ears, the gums, the soles of the feet.

5 formulas Updated 2026-10-12 View API data

How to recognize Kidney Yin Deficiency

The signs that point most strongly to this pattern:

  1. Dry mouth and throat at night, with a wish for small sips
  2. Sore or weak low back and knees
  3. Loose teeth or gums that pull back slowly
  4. Ringing in the ears, or hearing that fades
  5. Tired in a deep way, worse with late nights

Also common

  • Dizziness
  • Poor memory
  • Night sweats
  • Warm palms and soles in the evening
  • Thin build or recent weight loss
  • Scanty dark urine
  • Dry stools
  • Low sex drive, or in women a thin or late cycle
Tongue
Red, thin, with little or no coat. Cracks down the middle are common.
Pulse
Thin and fast, or deep and thin.

Formulas for Kidney Yin Deficiency

Herbs that matter most for Kidney Yin Deficiency

  • Shu Di Huang Prepared Rehmannia Root The chief herb. Prepared rehmannia fills the Kidney yin.
  • Shan Zhu Yu Asiatic Cornelian Cherry Fruit Holds the essence in so it stops leaking out as sweat and fluid.
  • Shan Yao Chinese Yam Rhizome Feeds the Spleen so the tonic can be digested.
  • Gou Qi Zi Chinese Wolfberry Fruit Goji nourishes Liver and Kidney yin and the eyes.
  • Gu Sui Bu Rhizome of Heartleaf Drynaria Added for loose teeth and weak bones. The bone mender.
  • Niu Xi Niu Xi Root Guides the formula down to the low back, knees, and teeth.
  • Nu Zhen Zi Glossy Privet Fruit A gentle yin tonic for grey hair, dizziness, and dry eyes.
  • Han Lian Cao Eclipta Pairs with Nu Zhen Zi in Er Zhi Wan to cool and nourish.

How Kidney Yin Deficiency differs from its look-alikes

  • Kidney Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat The same picture with heat on top: night sweats, hot hands and feet, red cheeks in the afternoon, a dry mouth that wakes you. Add the heat-clearing pair of herbs and you have Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan instead of plain Liu Wei.
  • Kidney Yang Deficiency The opposite temperature. Yang deficiency is cold: cold back and knees, pale face, clear frequent urine, worse in winter, a pale wet tongue. Yin deficiency is warm and dry.
  • Kidney Essence Deficiency Essence deficiency is deeper and older: weak bones, teeth that loosen early, slow development in a child, early greying. It often sits under yin deficiency and shares its formulas with heavier tonics added.

What drains into Kidney Yin Deficiency

  • Years of overwork and late nights
  • A long illness or a high fever that burned fluids
  • Aging, especially after fifty
  • Daily alcohol, which heats and dries
  • Too much sweating, bleeding, or sexual activity over time
  • A constitution that was dry and thin from the start

Food and habits that help Kidney Yin Deficiency

  • Sleep before eleven. Yin is rebuilt at night, and no herb replaces the hours.
  • Black sesame, black beans, walnuts, goji, eggs, seaweed, and bone broth feed the Kidney.
  • Cut alcohol and late coffee. Both heat and dry.
  • Stop over-sweating workouts. Gentle, steady movement suits this pattern.
  • Warm cooked food, not raw and cold, so the Spleen can digest the tonic.

What should change as Kidney Yin Deficiency improves

  • Night dry mouth fades within a few weeks.
  • Sleep gets deeper and the back stops aching in the morning.
  • The tongue grows a thin coat back and loses its red edge.
  • Loose teeth firm over two to three months.
  • Kidney tonics are slow. Plan on three months, not three weeks.

Conditions where Kidney Yin Deficiency shows up

Sources

  • Maciocia, The Foundations of Chinese Medicine, 3rd edition Kidney yin deficiency: signs, tongue, pulse, and etiology.
  • Bensky, Scheid, Ellis and Barolet, Chinese Herbal Medicine: Formulas and Strategies, 2nd edition Liu Wei Di Huang Wan and its modifications.

Important Note

A pattern is a picture, not a diagnosis. Most people carry two patterns at once, and the signs here are the classic ones, not a checklist. Use this page to recognize yourself, read a formula label with understanding, and ask a qualified practitioner a sharper question.