Asiatic Cornelian Cherry Fruit

Chinese
山茱萸
Pinyin
Shan Zhu Yu
Latin
Fructus Corni

TCM Properties

Taste
sour
Temperature
warm
Channels
Liver, Kidney

Traditional Use

Primary Actions

  • Tonifies the Liver and Kidney and preserves essence — used for dizziness, tinnitus, sore lower back, weak knees, and chronic Liver-Kidney deficiency patterns
  • Astringes and secures leakage — stops seminal emission, frequent urination, enuresis, and excessive sweating from deficient Kidney restraint
  • Rescues collapse by restraining the outward loss of Qi and Yin — classical high-dose use for profuse sweating, faint pulse, and devastated Yang or Yin collapse
  • Astringes to stop uterine bleeding — used when Chong and Ren instability from Liver-Kidney deficiency causes prolonged or excessive bleeding

Secondary Actions

  • Supports Xiao Ke / wasting-thirst patterns with excessive urination rooted in Kidney deficiency
  • Wine-processed form is favored for chronic tonic formulas, while raw form is used when stronger astringent rescue action is desired

Classic Formulas

  • Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (六味地黄丸) — foundational Kidney Yin formula in which Shan Zhu Yu helps tonify the Liver and Kidney while securing the essence
  • Zuo Gui Wan (左归丸) — enriches Kidney Yin and essence; Shan Zhu Yu helps prevent leakage while the richer tonics replenish
  • Lai Fu Tang (来复汤) — rescue formula using high-dose Shan Zhu Yu with Long Gu and Mu Li for collapse with profuse sweating and scattered Qi and Yin

Classical References

  • Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue (Song dynasty) — Liu Wei Di Huang Wan uses Shan Zhu Yu as one of the three tonifying fruits to enrich Kidney Yin while retaining essence.
  • Jing Yue Quan Shu (Ming dynasty) — Zuo Gui Wan and related Kidney-tonifying formulas use Shan Zhu Yu to nourish the Liver and Kidney while preventing leakage of essence.
  • Zhang Xichun medical case tradition (late Qing / early Republic) — Lai Fu Tang elevated Shan Zhu Yu as a major rescue herb for collapse with profuse sweating and scattered Qi and Yin.

Modern Research

Active Compounds

  • Iridoid glycosides (loganin, morroniside, sweroside)
  • Cornuside
  • Ursolic acid
  • Gallic acid and related tannins
  • Organic acids
  • Polysaccharides

Studied Effects

  • Antidiabetic and nephroprotective — Cornus officinalis and its iridoids show glucose-lowering, renal-protective, and anti-fibrotic relevance in diabetic nephropathy research (PMID 37475719)
  • Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective — review literature identifies broad multi-system pharmacology consistent with traditional Liver-Kidney tonic use (PMID 33912050)
  • Anti-hepatic-fibrosis — processed Cornus officinalis enhanced anti-fibrotic effects through the SIRT3-AMPK axis in experimental models (PMID 38646453)

PubMed References

Safety & Interactions

Contraindications

  • Damp-Heat stranguria or painful difficult urination — the astringent nature may trap pathogenic Damp-Heat
  • Exterior pathogenic disorders not yet resolved — sour astringent action may retain the pathogen
  • Exuberant ministerial fire or marked Liver Yang rising — warming tonification may aggravate excess patterns

Cautions

  • The seed must be removed before use; classical physicians warned that the pit opposes the medicinal action of the flesh
  • High-dose rescue use should only be undertaken under experienced practitioner supervision
  • MSK page not found — drug interaction data not available from Memorial Sloan Kettering integrative medicine database

Conditions