TCM pattern · Qi deficiency

Spleen Qi Deficiency

脾气虚 Pi Qi Xu Spleen system

The digestion is too weak to turn food into energy. You are tired, especially after eating, bloated, loose in the stool, pale, and your limbs feel heavy. In Chinese medicine the Spleen is the kitchen of the whole body, and this is the kitchen running on half power.

A kitchen with a weak stove. The food goes in, but it comes out half cooked, so the rest of the house gets thin soup instead of a meal. Every other deficiency tends to start here.

6 formulas Updated 2026-10-12 View API data

How to recognize Spleen Qi Deficiency

The signs that point most strongly to this pattern:

  1. Tired, worse after meals
  2. Bloating and a sense of fullness after eating
  3. Loose stools or stools that are soft and unformed
  4. Poor appetite
  5. Heavy, weak limbs

Also common

  • Pale face and lips
  • A wish to lie down after lunch
  • Easy bruising
  • Weak voice, no wish to talk
  • Weight gain that is soft, or weight loss with no appetite
  • Craving sweets
  • Catching every cold
Tongue
Pale, possibly swollen with tooth marks at the edges, with a thin white coat.
Pulse
Weak, soft, or empty.

Formulas for Spleen Qi Deficiency

Herbs that matter most for Spleen Qi Deficiency

  • Ren Shen Ginseng Ginseng, the strongest qi tonic. Dang Shen is the gentler everyday substitute.
  • Dang Shen Dang Shen Root Codonopsis, the everyday Spleen qi tonic.
  • Bai Zhu Rhizome of Largehead Atractylodes Atractylodes strengthens the Spleen and dries damp.
  • Fu Ling Poria Poria drains damp and calms the mind.
  • Huang Qi Root of Membranous Milkvetch Astragalus lifts the qi and guards the surface.
  • Shan Yao Chinese Yam Rhizome Chinese yam gently tonifies Spleen, Lung, and Kidney.
  • Zhi Gan Cao Honey-Fried Licorice Root Honey-fried licorice warms and harmonizes the middle.
  • Da Zao Chinese Date Jujube dates nourish the Spleen and blood.

How Spleen Qi Deficiency differs from its look-alikes

  • Spleen Yang Deficiency Add cold: cold hands and feet, a cold belly that likes a hot water bottle, watery stools with undigested food, worse in winter. That is Spleen yang deficiency and needs the warming formulas.
  • Dampness in the Spleen When the weak Spleen lets dampness pile up, the picture gets heavy and sticky: a thick greasy coat, nausea, a heavy head, puffy limbs. The formula adds damp-draining herbs.
  • Sinking of Spleen Qi When the qi is too weak to hold things up: prolapse, hemorrhoids, sagging, chronic diarrhea, a dragging sensation. That is sinking qi and needs the lifting formula Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang.
  • Heart and Spleen Deficiency Add poor sleep, worry, palpitations, and slow pale bleeding, and the Heart has joined in. Gui Pi Tang feeds both.

What drains into Spleen Qi Deficiency

  • Irregular meals, skipped meals, eating standing up or in a rush
  • Cold and raw food: salads, smoothies, iced drinks, especially in cold weather
  • Too much sugar and refined flour
  • Worry and overthinking, which knot the Spleen
  • Overwork and too little rest
  • A long illness or a long course of antibiotics

Food and habits that help Spleen Qi Deficiency

  • Warm cooked food at regular times. Congee, soups, stews, steamed vegetables, rice.
  • Nothing iced. Nothing raw in cold weather. The Spleen likes warm and dry.
  • Chew slowly, sit down, and stop at eighty percent full.
  • Sweet potato, pumpkin, carrot, oats, rice, dates, ginger, and a little cinnamon all feed the Spleen.
  • Walk after meals. Lying down after eating is for the sick.
  • Worry less at the table. The Spleen cannot digest food and problems at the same time.

What should change as Spleen Qi Deficiency improves

  • Energy after meals improves within two weeks.
  • Stools form and bloating eases over a month.
  • The tooth marks on the tongue fade and the swelling goes down.
  • Appetite returns and sweet cravings quiet.
  • If the formula bloats you, the Spleen is too weak for a tonic yet. Start with warm food and half doses.

Conditions where Spleen Qi Deficiency shows up

Sources

  • Maciocia, The Foundations of Chinese Medicine, 3rd edition Spleen qi deficiency.
  • Bensky, Scheid, Ellis and Barolet, Chinese Herbal Medicine: Formulas and Strategies, 2nd edition Si Jun Zi Tang and its family.

Important Note

A pattern is a picture, not a diagnosis. Most people carry two patterns at once, and the signs here are the classic ones, not a checklist. Use this page to recognize yourself, read a formula label with understanding, and ask a qualified practitioner a sharper question.