Saltpeter … Classic Formulas

Xiao Shi · Niter

Primary Actions

  • Breaks accumulations and softens hardness ... Xiao Shi belongs to the older mineral-purgative lane used for hard masses, focal fullness, and dense pathological build-up that needs a downward attack.
  • Promotes urination and drains damp-heat downward ... classical indications extend to jaundice, stone-type strangury, dark scanty urine, and lower-burner obstruction from heat and sediment.
  • Clears heat and resolves toxic swelling ... prepared Xiao Shi appears in throat obstruction, abscess, and other hot congested states, including some external-use traditions.

Classic Formulas

  • Da Huang Xiao Shi Tang ... the Jin Gui Yao Lue formula for heat-dominant jaundice with abdominal fullness, constipation, and dark scanty urine.
  • Xiao Shi Fan Shi San ... a damp-heat and jaundice mineral pairing preserved in classical formula literature.
  • Minute-dose Xiao Shi powder methods for the five stranguries ... older urinary-obstruction practice in which the powder was taken with different liquids depending on the pattern.

Classical Text References

  • Classical texts describe Xiao Shi as a cold bitter-salty mineral that pushes out the old, softens hardness, and opens stool and urine pathways downward.
  • The Jin Gui tradition uses it for jaundice and strangury patterns where damp-heat and accumulation are both pronounced.
  • Later materia medica repeatedly warns that Xiao Shi must be distinguished from Mang Xiao and from crude industrial-like mineral substitutions.