Root of Twotooth Achyranthes

Chinese
怀牛膝
Pinyin
Huai Niu Xi
Latin
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae

TCM Properties

Taste
bitter, sour
Temperature
neutral
Channels
Liver, Kidney

Traditional Use

Primary Actions

  • Invigorates Blood and dispels stasis
  • Guides herbs and Blood downward
  • Supplements the Liver and Kidneys
  • Strengthens sinews and bones
  • Promotes urination and relieves stranguria

Secondary Actions

  • Leads Blood downward to treat Liver Yang rising with headache and hypertension
  • Addresses Bi syndrome pain in knees and lower back

Classic Formulas

  • Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang — descends Liver Yang and clears Wind for headache and hypertension
  • Du Huo Ji Sheng Wan — addresses Bi syndrome and joint pain with underlying Kidney deficiency

Classical References

  • Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing: 'Treats cold-damp atrophy and painful obstruction, expels stagnant Blood' — historically classified as top-grade medicine

Modern Research

Active Compounds

  • Achyranthes saponins A, B, C
  • Beta-ecdysone (ecdysterone)
  • Betaine
  • Achyranthes polysaccharides
  • Ferulic acid

Studied Effects

  • Three novel compounds (achyranbidens A-C) isolated, two showing significant anti-alpha-glucosidase activity (PMID 36722288)
  • Comprehensive review of phytochemistry and pharmacology confirms traditional uses; further clinical studies warranted (PMID 38600792)
  • Systematic pharmacology identified key active compounds and multi-target mechanisms relevant to osteoarthritis (PMID 32925869)

PubMed References

Safety & Interactions

Contraindications

  • Pregnancy — explicitly contraindicated; saponins stimulate uterine contractions with abortifacient effect
  • Excessive menstrual bleeding — blood-invigorating properties worsen hemorrhage
  • Spermatorrhea or premature ejaculation — downward-guiding nature worsens leakage
  • Middle Qi deficiency with sinking

Cautions

  • Use cautiously in Spleen deficiency with loose stools
  • Downward-guiding action contraindicated in conditions requiring upward movement of Qi

Conditions