Realgar

Chinese
雄黄
Pinyin
Xiong Huang
Latin
Realgar
Scientific specimen plate of Realgar, Realgar, showing red-orange mineral fragments, powder, and diagnostic mineral details.
Botanical plate by Kodi .

Known in TCM as Xiong Huang (雄黄), this acrid and bitter, warm herb enters the Large Intestine, Liver, and Stomach. Traditionally, it resolves toxins and dries damp lesions ... Xiong Huang is used externally for sores, ulcerations, scabies, eczema, and snake or insect bites, most often applied for intestinal parasites, scabies, and abscess. Modern research has identified Tetraarsenic among its active constituents.

Part used: Realgar

Also Known As

Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide Arsenic Sulfide Xionghuang

Latin: Realgar | Pinyin: Xiong Huang | Chinese: 雄黄

TCM Properties

Taste
acrid, bitter
Temperature
warm
Channels
Large Intestine, Liver, Stomach

Traditional Use

Primary Actions

  • Resolves toxins and dries damp lesions ... Xiong Huang is used externally for sores, ulcerations, scabies, eczema, and snake or insect bites.
  • Kills parasites ... older internal and external use includes intestinal parasites and stubborn damp-toxic skin conditions.
  • Dispels phlegm and opens obstruction in a narrow classical sense ... historical formula traditions place it in acute toxic-heat or phlegm-wind contexts, but this is now treated with great caution.

Secondary Actions

  • Modern practice views realgar primarily through arsenic toxicology, so historical internal use is tightly restricted or avoided outside specialized traditional contexts.
  • Heating, burning, or casual home processing changes arsenic chemistry and should never be treated as a harmless folk step.

Classic Formulas

  • An Gong Niu Huang Wan ... historic rescue-formula tradition in which Xiong Huang appears as a toxic mineral for severe heat-closed presentations.
  • External toxic-dispersing powders pair Xiong Huang with Bing Pian or camphor for ulcerated or parasitic skin lesions.
  • Historical parasite combinations use it in minute supervised amounts for severe toxic or parasitic presentations rather than for routine household use.

Classical References

  • Traditional materia medica describes Xiong Huang as a warm, toxic mineral that resolves toxin, kills parasites, and treats sores and bites.
  • The same classical record that gives it power also explains why modern safety framing must be strict ... arsenic minerals are not gentle daily herbs.

Modern Research

Active Compounds

  • Tetraarsenic tetrasulfide ... the core realgar mineral constituent
  • Other arsenic species generated during metabolism or inappropriate heating ... central toxicology concern
  • Sulfur-rich mineral matrix ... the carrier phase that affects absorption and disposition

Studied Effects

  • A 2018 review summarized cinnabar- and realgar-containing traditional medicines and emphasized that chemical form strongly influences both disposition and toxicity (PMID 28864167).
  • A 2015 review of realgar in Chinese patent medicine documented ongoing clinical use while stressing chronic arsenic-poisoning concerns and the importance of metabolism and dose control (PMID 25861951).
  • A fatal 2019 arsenic-poisoning case report shows how dangerous arsenic-containing materials can become outside careful professional control, reinforcing the high-risk framing of realgar (PMID 30731029).

PubMed References

Safety & Interactions

Contraindications

  • Pregnancy
  • Renal or hepatic impairment
  • Any unsupervised internal use
  • Home heating, burning, or self-processing of the mineral

Cautions

  • Realgar is an arsenic mineral and should be treated as a toxic substance, not as a casual antiparasitic or skin remedy.
  • Historical internal use does not justify modern self-treatment for parasites, seizures, or acute infections.
  • Because route, dose, and processing change arsenic exposure, identity and supervision matter more here than with ordinary plant herbs.

Conditions

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Realgar used for?

Realgar is traditionally used to Resolves toxins and dries damp lesions ... Xiong Huang is used externally for sores, ulcerations, scabies, eczema, and snake or insect bites., Kills parasites ... older internal and external use includes intestinal parasites and stubborn damp-toxic skin conditions., Dispels phlegm and opens obstruction in a narrow classical sense ... historical formula traditions place it in acute toxic-heat or phlegm-wind contexts, but this is now treated with great caution.. Research has investigated its effects on: A 2018 review summarized cinnabar- and realgar-containing traditional medicines and emphasized that chemical form strongly influences both disposition and toxicity (PMID 28864167).; A 2015 review of realgar in Chinese patent medicine documented ongoing clinical use while stressing chronic arsenic-poisoning concerns and the importance of metabolism and dose control (PMID 25861951)..

What are other names for Realgar?

Realgar is also known as Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide, Arsenic Sulfide, Xionghuang. In TCM: 雄黄 (Xiong Huang); Realgar.

Is Realgar safe during pregnancy?

Realgar is not recommended during pregnancy.

What are the contraindications for Realgar?

Realgar should not be used in: Pregnancy; Renal or hepatic impairment; Any unsupervised internal use; Home heating, burning, or self-processing of the mineral. Consult a qualified practitioner before use.