Psoralea Fruit

Chinese
补骨脂
Pinyin
Bu Gu Zhi
Latin
Fructus Psoraleae

TCM Properties

Taste
sweet, bitter, astringent
Temperature
warm
Channels
Kidney, Spleen, Lung

Traditional Use

Primary Actions

  • Warms the Kidney and tonifies yang - Bu Gu Zhi is used for cold low back, weak knees, impotence, infertility, and depleted Kidney fire.
  • Secures essence and reduces urination - it is a standard herb for frequent urination, enuresis, spermatorrhea, and lower-burner leakage rooted in Kidney deficiency.
  • Warms the Spleen and stops dawn diarrhea - it is especially valued when early-morning loose stool reflects chronic Spleen-Kidney yang deficiency.
  • Helps the Kidney grasp qi - it is added to formulas for chronic wheezing or dyspnea when lower-source weakness prevents proper grasp of breath.

Secondary Actions

  • Traditional and modern practice also uses Bu Gu Zhi externally, especially in vitiligo-focused preparations because of its photosensitizing psoralen compounds.
  • It is a strong warm-astringent herb rather than a gentle tonic, so it works best when cold, leakage, and lower-burner weakness are all clearly present.

Classic Formulas

  • Si Shen Wan - classic dawn-diarrhea formula using Bu Gu Zhi to warm the Spleen and Kidney and secure chronic early-morning stool.
  • Qing E Wan - lower-back and Kidney-yang formula pairing Bu Gu Zhi with Du Zhong and other supportive ingredients for lumbar weakness.
  • Kidney grasping-qi lineages pair Bu Gu Zhi with Ren Shen, Hu Tao Rou, or Chen Xiang for chronic wheezing from lower-source deficiency.

Classical References

  • TCMWiki records Bu Gu Zhi as sweet, bitter, astringent, and warm, entering the Kidney, Spleen, and Lung to warm yang, secure leakage, stop diarrhea, and relieve dyspnea.
  • Traditional materia medica repeatedly distinguishes its hot, drying, astringing nature from the gentler balanced Kidney tonics such as Tu Si Zi.

Modern Research

Active Compounds

  • Psoralen and isopsoralen - hallmark furocoumarins responsible for much of the herb's research and safety profile
  • Bakuchiol - a notable meroterpene frequently discussed in Psoralea pharmacology
  • Bavachin and bavachalcone - flavonoid-type constituents studied in bone and inflammatory models
  • Seed polysaccharides - emerging fractions in modern osteoporosis and immune research

Studied Effects

  • A 2018 review summarized the ethnobotanical, biological, and chemical aspects of Psoralea corylifolia, providing the main broad overview of Bu Gu Zhi research (PMID 29243333).
  • A 2025 study reported that polysaccharides from Psoralea corylifolia seeds suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated osteoporosis in preclinical work, reinforcing continued bone-health interest (PMID 40403806).
  • A 2019 rat study found that long-term exposure to psoralen and isopsoralen induced hepatotoxicity and altered serum metabolites, underscoring one of the herb's key safety concerns (PMID 31684074).

PubMed References

Safety & Interactions

Contraindications

  • Yin deficiency with heat or deficiency fire
  • Constipation from fluid depletion or excessive internal heat
  • Active liver disease without qualified supervision

Cautions

  • Psoralen-rich Bu Gu Zhi can be hepatotoxic, especially in concentrated products, prolonged use, or poorly supervised dosing.
  • The herb is photosensitizing and may increase skin sensitivity to ultraviolet exposure, particularly in topical or extract form.
  • MSK page not found - drug interaction data not available from Memorial Sloan Kettering integrative medicine database

Conditions