European Grape Fruit

Chinese
葡萄
Pinyin
Pu Tao
Latin
Fructus Vitis Viniferae

TCM Properties

Taste
sweet, sour
Temperature
neutral
Channels
Lung, Spleen, Kidney

Traditional Use

Primary Actions

  • Tonifies qi and blood - Pu Tao is used as a mild restorative fruit for fatigue, weakness, palpitations, and depleted constitution after illness or overwork.
  • Generates fluids and moistens dryness - traditional use includes thirst, dry mouth, and deficiency cough when fluids have been damaged.
  • Strengthens the sinews and bones - it is sometimes included in tonic-food and medicinal-wine traditions for weak legs, low back fatigue, and rheumatic aching.
  • Promotes urination - gentle diuretic use appears in traditional guidance for edema and damp accumulation.

Secondary Actions

  • Pu Tao is more often treated as a nourishing food-medicine ingredient than as a high-priority acute treatment herb, so it commonly appears in wines, syrups, pastes, and recovery diets.
  • Its mild nature makes it suitable as supportive therapy, but it should not be confused with stronger blood tonics or stronger damp-draining medicinals.

Classic Formulas

  • Pu Tao Jiu - medicinal wine tradition for weakness, sore sinews, and chronic depletion.
  • Tonic fruit combinations with Da Zao or Long Yan Rou are traditional food-herb approaches for mild qi-blood weakness and convalescence.
  • Thirst-relieving preparations use Pu Tao when summer-heat or chronic dryness has consumed fluids without creating intense internal cold.

Classical References

  • TCMWiki describes Pu Tao as sweet, sour, and neutral, entering the Lung, Spleen, and Kidney to tonify qi and blood, strengthen tendons and bones, and induce diuresis.
  • Later Chinese dietetic tradition places Pu Tao among the gentler fruit medicinals that support recovery and dryness without the complexity of harsher herbs.

Modern Research

Active Compounds

  • Resveratrol - widely discussed polyphenol in grape pharmacology and functional-food research
  • Procyanidins - oligomeric flavanols especially associated with seed and vascular studies
  • Anthocyanins and flavonoids - antioxidant pigments and polyphenols prominent in colored grape varieties
  • Organic acids and phenolic acids - supportive compounds contributing to fruit chemistry and food use

Studied Effects

  • A 2016 review summarized the pharmacological effects of Vitis vinifera and its bioactive constituents, including antioxidant, cardioprotective, and metabolic research themes (PMID 27196869).
  • A 2003 experimental study reported cardioprotective effects of grape-seed procyanidins in an ischemia-reperfusion model, contributing to long-standing cardiovascular interest in grape constituents (PMID 15134376).
  • A 2024 study examined antioxidant and anticancer activity of Vitis vinifera extracts in breast-cell lines, illustrating the continued predominance of preclinical grape research (PMID 38398737).

PubMed References

Safety & Interactions

Contraindications

  • Marked Spleen deficiency with loose stools when sweet damp-forming foods are not tolerated
  • Situations that require strict control of concentrated sugars or fruit extracts

Cautions

  • Fresh grapes, raisin-like preparations, wines, and standardized extracts are not interchangeable in dose or pharmacology.
  • Because Pu Tao is sweet and moistening, heavy overuse may aggravate dampness or loose stools in sensitive patients.
  • MSK page not found - drug interaction data not available from Memorial Sloan Kettering integrative medicine database

Conditions