Cinnamon Oil

Chinese
桂皮油
Pinyin
Gui Pi You
Latin
Oleum Corticis Cinnamomi

TCM Properties

Taste
acrid, sweet
Temperature
warm
Channels
Spleen, Stomach

Traditional Use

Primary Actions

  • Warms the middle burner and dispels interior cold - Gui Pi You is used when cold obstructs the Spleen and Stomach, leading to abdominal pain, poor appetite, nausea, or loose stool that improves with warmth.
  • Strengthens Stomach and Spleen Yang in concentrated aromatic form - the oil preparation is lighter, sharper, and more immediately dispersing than the crude bark decoction.
  • Expels wind and opens the surface through aromatic warmth - traditional summaries extend its use to wind-cold or cold-damp lodged superficially while the middle burner is also chilled.
  • Provides a concentrated warming external preparation - topical use is directed toward cold-pattern pain, localized chill, and stiff aching areas where a penetrating cinnamon preparation is preferred.

Secondary Actions

  • Gui Pi You overlaps heavily with Rou Gui You and cassia bark oil terminology in trade, so the practical task is to recognize this as a cinnamon-bark oil preparation rather than a separate species-level herb.
  • Because this is a concentrated volatile oil, it is substantially more irritating to tissues than crude Rou Gui or Gui Zhi and is less suitable for prolonged unsupervised use.

Classical References

  • TCM-style summaries describe cinnamon-bark oil as pungent, sweet, and warm, with actions of expelling wind, strengthening the Stomach, and warming the Spleen and Stomach.
  • Traditional usage treats the oil as a preparation-state derivative of cinnamon bark rather than a distinct medicinal species, so its direction remains warming, dispersing, and middle-jiao supporting.
  • IDENTITY NOTE: this record is for the concentrated oil preparation Gui Pi You, not the crude bark herb Rou Gui or the twig herb Gui Zhi; they share source material but are not interchangeable drop-for-gram.

Modern Research

Active Compounds

  • trans-cinnamaldehyde
  • Eugenol
  • Coumarin
  • Cinnamyl acetate
  • Cinnamic acid and related phenylpropanoids

Studied Effects

  • A 2024 review summarized cinnamon oil's chemical composition and discussed antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic, and application-oriented research across multiple Cinnamomum oils, including cassia-rich preparations (PMID 39770541).
  • Chinese cassia oil and cinnamaldehyde showed direct antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal targets, supporting longstanding external and preservative interest in cinnamon oil preparations (PMID 16710900).
  • A Cinnamomum cassia essential-oil nano-emulsion demonstrated antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activity in experimental systems, illustrating modern formulation work aimed at improving volatile-oil delivery (PMID 35472756).
  • Essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia twigs alleviated pain and inflammation in mice, offering a mechanistic bridge to the warming and pain-relieving logic of cinnamon-type oil preparations (PMID 27780753).

PubMed References

Safety & Interactions

Contraindications

  • Known cinnamon or cassia hypersensitivity
  • Undiluted application to damaged skin or mucous membranes
  • Marked internal heat or Yin-deficiency heat patterns

Cautions

  • Cinnamon oil is more irritating and sensitizing than the crude bark herb and should generally be diluted before topical use.
  • Some cinnamon products contain enough coumarin to raise hepatotoxicity concerns, especially with heavy or prolonged intake.
  • Gastrointestinal burning, mucosal irritation, and allergic skin reactions are possible with concentrated cinnamon oils.

Drug Interactions

  • CYP450 substrate drugs — Preclinical cinnamon literature suggests enzyme inhibition that could alter exposure to some CYP-metabolized drugs when concentrated preparations are used heavily. (Moderate) Source: Cinnamon pharmacology and integrative-medicine summaries
  • Hepatotoxic drugs — Coumarin-bearing cinnamon products may add to liver burden in susceptible patients or with prolonged high exposure. (Moderate) Source: Cassia cinnamon toxicology literature

Conditions