Use with caution. Review interactions and contraindications below.
TCM Properties
- Taste
- acrid, bitter
- Temperature
- neutral
- Channels
- Spleen, Lung, Liver
Traditional Use
Primary Actions
- Activates Blood and alleviates pain - used for fixed painful swellings, traumatic pain, and stubborn masses where resinous blood movement helps disperse obstruction.
- Resolves toxin and dissipates nodules - classically chosen for scrofula, boils, carbuncles, and ulcerative lesions marked by pain, swelling, and chronicity.
- Cools Blood and helps stop bleeding - extended to nosebleed, vomiting blood, and bleeding external wounds when heat and blood damage complicate the pattern.
- Promotes tissue regeneration with topical use - incorporated into pastes and powders for ulcerated or incised lesions that need both pain relief and support for flesh generation.
Secondary Actions
- This Feng Xiang Zhi entry represents the same sweetgum resin as Bai Jiao Xiang; the duplicated slug is preserved only because the import source separated the synonym names.
- Clinically it belongs more to external medicine, trauma, and painful toxic swelling practice than to everyday digestive or tonic prescribing.
Classic Formulas
- Xiao Jin Dan (小金丹) - from Wai Ke Zheng Zhi Quan Shu Ji, where Feng Xiang Zhi or Bai Jiao Xiang participates in moving qi and blood, dispersing phlegm-stasis masses, and relieving pain in deep fixed swellings.
Classical References
- TCM Wiki lists Feng Xiang Zhi, Bai Jiao Xiang, and the related Chinese-character variants as the same resin of sweetgum, with pungent-bitter neutral properties and entry to the Spleen, Lung, and Liver channels.
- Traditional indications include deep-rooted boils, ulcers, scrofula, dental pain, epistaxis, and hematemesis, with use as decoction, powder, pill, or topical paste.
- IMPORT NOTE: This file is not a distinct herb from beautiful-sweetgum-resin; it is the same medicinal resin preserved as a second record because the spreadsheet used the alternate pinyin Feng Xiang Zhi.
- Trade and older herb references may use Resina Liquidamberis Taiwanianae or Resina Liquidamberis Formosanae as Latinized variants for the same substance.
Modern Research
Active Compounds
- Liquidambaric acid (oleanane triterpenoid) - a signature resin constituent studied in pathway-focused pharmacology work
- Oleanolic acid (oleanane triterpenoid) - a common pentacyclic triterpene isolated from sweetgum resin fractions
- Liquidambaric lactone (triterpenoid lactone) - part of the anti-angiogenic sweetgum-resin constituent set
- Liquidambolide A and liquiditerpenoic acids A and B (diterpenoids) - newer diterpenoid constituents reported from the resin
- Cinnamic acid ester derivatives (phenylpropanoid esters) - minor but pharmacognostically useful constituents identified in recent chemistry studies
Studied Effects
- Anti-angiogenic potential - multiple pentacyclic triterpenes from sweetgum resin inhibited VEGF-stimulated endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro (PMID 33556839)
- Blood-moving chemistry in modern assays - isolated triterpenes showed antiplatelet aggregation effects and cytotoxic activity in experimental screening models (PMID 21605635)
- Inflammation-related signaling effects - resin oleanane triterpenoids inhibited NFAT transcription factor activity, a plausible mechanistic bridge to traditional swollen toxic lesion use (PMID 14993816)
- Ongoing phytochemical discovery - additional diterpenoids and cinnamic acid ester derivatives continue to be reported from Liquidambaris Resina, supporting a broader modern constituent profile (PMID 23962240; PMID 37802781)
PubMed References
Safety & Interactions
Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Bleeding from qi deficiency or cold deficiency without toxic heat or blood stasis
Cautions
- As a Blood-moving resin traditionally contraindicated in pregnancy, it should be reserved for appropriate stasis or toxic-swelling patterns
- Because resin products are prone to adulteration and contamination, reliable sourcing matters more than the English common name suggests
- MSK page not found - drug interaction data not available from Memorial Sloan Kettering integrative medicine database